Mahseer saviors struggle as conservation funds dry up

In the heart of Madhya Pradesh, a remarkable story of fish conservation unfolds, centred on the majestic Mahseer—a once-abundant migratory fish now fighting for its existence. Historically, Mahseer comprised 35 to 40% of river catches, but today, they are a rare sight in fishermen's nets.

The state's conservation efforts began in 2011 when Mahseer was declared the state fish. An innovative project combined both in situ and ex situ conservation strategies, creating an artificial habitat mimicking the fish's natural environment. In Barwah, Khargone district, a unique hatchery was established in the midst of a forest, showcasing a groundbreaking approach to wildlife preservation.

Fishermen Dinesh Verma and Anokhi Lal emerged as unlikely heroes in this conservation narrative. Despite Mahseer fetching a premium price of 200-250 rupees per kilogram—compared to 40-70 rupees for other fish—they chose preservation over profit. Leading a committee of 10 local fishermen, they collected Mahseer from different parts of the Narmada River and successfully bred them, simultaneously raising awareness within their community about the importance of conservation.

"When no one could do successful breeding in 40 years, we successfully bred Mahseer," Anokhi Lal proudly states, highlighting their remarkable achievement.

However, the conservation efforts are currently at a critical point. Project funding has been discontinued, leaving the conservation centre struggling with limited resources. No funds are available for fish feed, electricity to maintain water flow, or the incentives that previously motivated fishermen.

Limnologist Dr Shriparna Saxena, a leading researcher on Mahseer, emphasises the critical need to preserve the fish's habitat. She draws a parallel with Project Tiger, suggesting a dedicated conservation project specifically for Mahseer.

The primary threats to Mahseer's survival are multifaceted. Dam construction using dynamite destroys essential rock formations, while altered water conditions compromise their survival. The dams have disrupted water temperature, increased impurities, changed oxygen levels, and introduced significant silt, devastating the aquatic ecosystem's delicate balance.

Mahseer requires clean water, rocky terrain, and adequate oxygen to thrive. These conditions not only protect them from predators and ensure food supply but are crucial for successful reproduction. The current environmental changes are systematically dismantling these essential survival mechanisms.

The story of Mahseer is more than a conservation tale—it's a testament to the intricate balance of river ecosystems and the potential for human intervention to either destroy or protect biodiversity. 

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