![India's parched cities in 2023](https://img-cdn.thepublive.com/fit-in/1280x960/filters:format(webp)/ground-report/media/post_banners/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/water-scarcity-data.jpg)
The problem of water is not running out of water; it's all about how to allocate a fixed resource. The country is staring at a grave due to the water crisis affecting human life.
According to the Union Ministry of Agriculture, the groundwater level has fallen alarmingly due to India’s looming water crisis. A Composite Water Management Report asserts that the demand for water will be twice its availability by the year 2030, indicating severe water scarcity.
The report found that most states scored below 50% on the index and that 21 cities are likely to run out of groundwater by 2020. If current trends continue, in the upcoming 20 years, an estimated 50% of all of India’s aquifers will be at critical or over-exploited levels. India could experience a drop of 6% in its GDP due to water scarcity alone.
According to the report of Niti Ayog, Government of India, the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Delhi, Bengaluru, and Chennai have been facing serious Water scarcity since 2018.
India has about 17% of the world's population, but only 4% of the world's freshwater resources, according to official reports. That makes it one of the most water-stressed countries on the planet and raises questions about the future of food production.
About 74% of the wheat-growing area and 65% of the rice-growing area will face significant levels of water scarcity by 2030, according to a 2019 report by the public policy think tank NITI Aayog.
1. Maharashtra
Maharashtra is facing a water crisis of unprecedented magnitude. With the level of water depleted in reservoirs and dams and the over-exploitation of groundwater, the Groundwater Survey and Development Authority (GSDA) has warned and set alarm bells ringing across the state.
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Water tankers have become the sole source of water in parched regions. In 2019, the state government had to deploy the highest number of water tankers around the most crowded regions of the state to fulfil its needs. Owing to scanty rainfall since 2016, about 761 villages.
The groundwater levels have fallen dramatically since the Maharashtra Groundwater (Development and Management) Act, and the water extraction regulation was not implemented efficiently. Approximately 151 villages facing water scarcity.
2. Gujarat
Despite rainfall in the state last monsoon, people were facing a water crisis. In 2021, the water level of the Narmada dam was approximately 115.75 meters. Gujarat is facing a massive water crisis. At present, Gujarat has only 2% of the country’s water resources and 5% of the population.
Further, more than 40% of rain flows into the sea as runoff every year due to the absence of water conservation structures. The state government has shown some willingness to fix the issue in the form of a document called Vision 2020 but nothing goes as per the plan.
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More than 500 villages in 14 districts in Gujarat are dependent on tankers for water. The situation was worse in Saurashtra, Kutch and Northern Gujarat. Except for the Narmada dam and the Sardar Sarovar canal, other water reservoirs have remained exhausted.
The Gujarat Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, resolved to implement the Jal Jeevan Mission, aiming to ensure that each rural household has a tap connection.
3. Karnataka
The crisis in Karnataka causes severe agrarian distress in the eastern plains but also creates a shortage of domestic water. As many as 19,00 villages in about 30 districts facing drought-like conditions and to fulfil water needs, 26,00 water tankers have been dispatched.
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According to the 2019 report, the Karnataka Government declared that 3,122 regions were severely affected by drinking water.
4. Jharkhand
The capital city of Jharkhand, Ranchi, is facing a severe water crisis. There is a scarcity of drinking water. Half of Jharkhand is Drought-Hit. Koderma, Khunti and Garhwa district's situations are the worst.
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As per the report of 2018, Jharkhand recorded a deficit of 28% of rainwater. There is no water in the pumps and ponds. The government also failed to provide water. People don't have water for drinking.
5. Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh is staring at a major drinking water crisis and due to scarcity of clean water, more than a hundred people fell ill. The dams and rivers also do not have that much water.
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The reservoirs in the state have no inflow or water levels. The government is trying hard to overcome the problem.
6. Rajasthan
Rajasthan is always part of water scarcity, to a decadal average study from November 2008 to November 2018, there has been a decline in groundwater by 62.70% in the state, with only a 37.20% rise.
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But after Covid-19, there has been an acute rise in the water crisis in rural areas. Villagers are unable to arrange water either for themselves or for animals.
7. Uttar Pradesh
The crisis is found in Uttar Pradesh, Bundelkhand, Mathura and Aligarh as well; hand pumps have been dried and ponds have disappeared.
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But the State government, however, denied that there is any law and order problem due to water shortage in the region. As per Government 2011–2022, 90% of the rural population benefited from the water supply.
8. Bengaluru
Bengaluru city will face an acute water crisis in upcoming years and will get 1,450 million liters of water per day from the Cauvery Basin. The severity of the water crisis appears to be worse in the northern and western parts of the city.
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Doddabidarakallu, Herohalli, Ullalu and Hemmigepura have the most dependence on groundwater.
According to official data, there are a total of 9,294 borewells, of that 1,793 don’t work due to a lack of water. While the groundwater. A total of 4 lakh registered borewells.
9. Chennai
Chennai is brutally facing a dire water crisis. As per the 2019 report, the four reservoirs that provide the majority of water supply are dried up, forcing restaurants, businesses, and schools to close and leaving residents to wait in line for hours for water from municipal or private tankers.
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This will affect people with low incomes. Chennai is very horrifying because of the water crisis. But its geography is also its weakness. The cyclone-prone waters of the Bay of Bengal periodically surge into the city. Chennai is most dependent on Rainfall, with up to 90% falling during the northeast monsoon season.
10. Delhi
According to the report of the Economic Survey 2017, 20% of the drinking water in Delhi was wasted due to mismanagement. According to expectations, 30% of drinking water is wasted. About 18 per cent of households in the capital city, Delhi, do not have piped water supply.
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There is illegal construction near reservoirs, over-extraction of groundwater, pollution in water bodies and wastage of residential water supply, which are some of the main reasons why Delhi is facing a water crisis.
30 Indian cities that will face a ‘grave water risk’ by 2050
1. Jaipur | 11. Kolkata | 21. Jalandhar |
2. Indore | 12. Ahmedabad | 22. Pune |
3. Thane | 13. Jabalpur | 23. Dhanbad |
4. Vadodara | 14. Mumbai | 24. Bhopal |
5. Srinagar | 15. Lucknow | 25. Gwalior |
6. Rajkot | 16. Hubli-Dharwad | 26. Surat |
7. Kota | 17. Nagpur | 27. Delhi |
8. Nashik | 18. Chandigarh | 28. Aligarh |
9. Visakhapatnam | 19. Amritsar | 29. Kozhikode |
10. Bengaluru | 20. Ludhiana | 30. Kannur |
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