Human activities have significantly increased the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This has led to a rise in trapped longwave radiation within the Earth system.
Climate models indicate that the Indian Ocean will experience uneven warming, with warming hotspots in the Arabian Sea (AS) and South East Indian Ocean (SEIO).
The islands boast some of the most diverse collections of plants and animals on Earth. With a unique set of influences and conditions, life on islands has evolved very differently from life on larger land masses.
According to the international organization, extreme weather events such as droughts and floods, as well as air pollution, will be responsible for the loss of more than two million hectares of land due to degradation and more than one million species.