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"Take a light jacket in case it gets cold," or "Wear several layers like an onion"—both are familiar pieces of advice from mothers and grandmothers to keep us warm. But which is better: one thick layer or multiple thin layers? The answer is not new. Even the Romans knew that layering clothes provided better protection against the cold than a single heavy coat.
The Romans typically wore long woollen tunics, layering them as needed for warmth. Though it might seem uncomfortable, this method proved much more effective in retaining heat.
Studies have shown that multiple thin layers are more effective than one thick layer, as the pockets of air between each layer trap heat and keep us warmer. However, it's not just about layering—there's also a right way to do it if you want to dress like a pro.
Start with a breathable layer
The first layer of clothing, the one closest to your skin, should be breathable. As explained in The Huffington Post, this is important because if the fabric isn’t breathable, sweat can get trapped between the layer and your skin. Sweating is a natural process our body uses to regulate temperature in hot conditions.
Sweat is released onto the skin's surface to evaporate, which helps cool the body by drawing heat away. However, if sweat is trapped under your clothing, this temperature regulation process is disrupted, preventing the body from staying warm. Additionally, moisture trapped on your skin can be uncomfortable and may make you feel colder.
Use several intermediate layers or just one, but always insulating
The middle layers should focus on insulation, helping to retain heat as effectively as possible. Fleece is a popular choice for this purpose. Generally, one insulating layer is enough unless you’re heading to a very cold environment, in which case additional layers may be needed.
The outermost layer plays a significant role in protecting you from the elements. It should be windproof and waterproof to not only help retain heat but also shield you from external factors such as rain or snow that could lower your body temperature.
If you don’t want multiple layers, use 3-in-1 garments
The purpose of layering is to retain heat, but it also allows for easy removal when you need less warmth. A convenient option is 3-in-1 jackets, which combine a waterproof outer coat with a removable fleece lining. With a breathable inner layer, this single garment offers everything: an insulating layer, a thick coat, and a waterproof exterior.
However, if you don’t have a 3-in-1 jacket, you can still layer up in any order. Just like the Romans with their tunics, this approach can help you stay warm when needed.
The outer layer's primary role is to protect you from the elements, so choose a coat that’s both wind and rain-resistant if you’re heading outdoors. While the color of your coat doesn’t impact heat regulation, as per a 2019 study from the University of Multan, Pakistan, it’s always a good idea to choose one that lifts your spirits.
While we often hear that we lose a lot of heat through our heads, studies show that we actually lose more heat from our torsos. However, once your other layers are sorted, wearing a hat is still beneficial. As the University of Portsmouth explains, "If you want warm hands, wear a hat.” Heat can escape from the scalp because blood flow to the skin there doesn’t shut down as efficiently in cold weather. It’s also helpful to cover your neck, as heat can escape there too. So, don’t forget a hat and scarf or neck covering (buff).
A simple but effective way to stay warm indoors is by using a blanket. A study conducted by the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine on elderly hospitalized patients showed that providing a warm blanket significantly reduced feelings of discomfort, cold, and anxiety. Never underestimate the power of cozy comfort!
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