Square waves appear in Turkey’s Aegean sea, but they are dangerous

The Aegean Sea recently witnessed a rare natural phenomenon known as square waves on Turkey's side. This occurrence creates a grid-like pattern on the ocean’s surface, making it appear as though the sea has been divided into squares. While this spectacle is visually striking, it is also highly dangerous, posing serious risks to boats and swimmers.

Wow, this is amazing if true. These are reportedly "square waves" in Turkey.

(Google says square waves are a thing) pic.twitter.com/bbFyN8b5iy

— Volcaholic 🌋 (@volcaholic1) February 21, 2025

How square waves form?

Square waves occur when two different wave systems move in separate directions and intersect at nearly right angles. Normally, ocean waves travel parallel to the shore, but in certain conditions, old and new wave systems collide. This happens when a past weather system pushes waves in one direction while a new system creates waves travelling at a different angle. The result is a cross-sea pattern that forms a chequerboard-like appearance on the water’s surface.

Square waves are caused by two different sets of waves converging at different angles, occasionally greater than 45°. Waves travel hundreds of miles over the sea surface, and even on a calm day, distant storms can create swells. Without local winds to disrupt them, they travel vast distances.

When waves travelling in different directions collide, they create the square pattern of the cross sea. Above, the waves appear gentle, but beneath are currents strong enough to wreck ships. Cross waves are more dangerous than riptides as the square pattern makes navigation difficult.

Square waves often form due to strong winds and colliding sea currents. In open waters, where different ocean currents meet, these conditions are more likely. Square waves can serve as an early warning sign of changing weather patterns, indicating an approaching storm.

Why are square waves dangerous?

Despite their captivating appearance, square waves are hazardous. The opposing forces of the intersecting waves create unpredictable and powerful currents, making it dangerous for swimmers and boats. The crisscrossing waves produce strong rip currents that can quickly pull swimmers far from shore. These currents are often invisible from the beach, posing a silent threat to the unaware.

For boats and ships, square waves create rough and unstable waters. The irregular motion can cause vessels to rock violently, increasing the risk of capsizing. Studies show many ship accidents occur in square wave areas. Even large ships can struggle against the continuous impact of opposing waves, making navigation extremely difficult.

Where square waves occur?

Square waves are rare but observed worldwide. A famous location is the Isle of Rhé in France, where the coastal geography attracts thousands of tourists to witness the spectacle from a safe distance. They’ve also been recorded off Tel Aviv, Israel, and in the Aegean Sea, where recent sightings have drawn attention to this fascinating yet dangerous event.

If you see square waves at the beach, stay out of the water. The powerful and unpredictable currents from intersecting waves make swimming dangerous. Even strong swimmers can struggle to escape these currents. If caught in square waves, swim parallel to the shore rather than against the current to escape.

For sailors and boaters, avoiding areas with square waves is crucial. The unstable waters can make steering difficult, increasing the likelihood of accidents. Smaller boats are at a higher risk of capsizing, while larger vessels may experience dangerous rolling movements that can lead to serious incidents.

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