Is recognition enough to protect the Himalayan Gaddi Dog?

After years of effort, the Himalayan “Gaddi” dog has been officially recognised as a registered breed by the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR). This recognition makes the Gaddi dog the fourth indigenous canine breed in India to receive such status, joining Tamil Nadu’s Rajapalayam and Chippiparai and Karnataka’s Mudhol Hound.

Gaddi dog officially recognised

The decision, confirmed at the ICAR Breed Registration Committee’s meeting on January 6, 2024, marks a milestone in conserving this rare breed. Dr. B.P. Mishra, Director of NBAGR, stated, “Yes, we have officially recognised the Gaddi dog along with nine other livestock breeds. This is a step towards preserving our unique animal genetic resources.”

The Gaddi dog, or "Indian Panther Hound" or "Indian Leopard Hound," is celebrated for its strength, courage, and ability to guard sheep and goats from predators like snow leopards. Named after the Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh, these dogs have historically been essential companions, ensuring livestock safety in the rugged Himalayan terrain.

Dr. Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Director of Animal Husbandry, Himachal Pradesh, described the breed’s attributes: “The Gaddi dog has a massive, arched neck, harmonious build, and a robust, medium-sized muscular body. They weigh around 40-45 kilograms and have a thick coat suitable for the cold Himalayan climate. This recognition is expected to boost their population and meet the growing demand for these dogs.”

Gaddi dog population critically declining

Despite its invaluable role, the Gaddi dog faces a dwindling population, estimated at fewer than 1,000 purebred individuals. A 2022 research paper highlighted the breed’s decline, attributing it to gene pool dilution and a lack of dedicated breeding programs.

“The nomadic lifestyle of Gaddi shepherds is decreasing, along with the population of these dogs. Without intervention, their numbers could fall further,” noted the study’s authors.

Scientists at the College of Veterinary and Animal Science (COVAS) in Palampur began conducting in-depth morphological and genomic studies of the breed in 2019, marking the beginning of the journey towards official recognition.

Dr. Shivani Katoch, Head of Animal Genetics and Breeding at COVAS, emphasised the importance of this milestone: “This recognition ensures the breed’s scientific characterisation is part of the record. It will help maintain purity and provide a foundation for targeted breeding programs.”

The NBAGR team visited remote Himachal Pradesh areas, met shepherds, and collected data on the Gaddi dog’s traits. The findings were submitted to NBAGR in 2022, culminating in this decision. As part of the conservation effort, COVAS continues to rear Gaddi pups, distributing them to shepherds and pet enthusiasts to ensure the breed’s survival.

Gaddi dogs, primarily found in Himachal Pradesh, are also bred in Punjab, where farmers use them to protect crops from wild animals. These dogs, with their imposing size and deep bark, are sold at premium prices, especially when shepherds migrate to the plains.

What’s next?

The official registration of the Gaddi dog provides opportunities for conservation funding, stricter breeding regulations, and increased public awareness. With its recognition, the breed’s unique characteristics—including its ability to fend off predators and endure harsh climates—can be celebrated and preserved for generations.

Vineet Chawdhary, a former Himachal Pradesh chief secretary who advocated for the breed’s conservation, expressed his joy, “This recognition was long overdue. This recognition is a significant milestone in the conservation of one of India's natural treasures.

As the Gaddi dog earns its place among India’s registered breeds, efforts must continue to ensure its survival and prevent extinction. The recognition is just the beginning of a larger mission to protect this Himalayan guardian.

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